Internal-combustion engine.



'1. SVALIN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED FEB.26,1913.

1,1 ggigg m, Patented Feb 23, 1915.

Itl

innate.

- Specification of Letters Patent.

. AL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Patented Feb, as, ra n.

' npplication filed l eb m y 26, 1913. Serial at. 750,889.

To all whom it may concern:

' c it known that I, Ivan. HJAJL Svamx, a subject of thelKing of Sweden, and resident of Metals Vex-kstad, in the new and useful Improvements in Internal- Combustion' Engines, of which the follow-- mg is a specification, reference being bad.

therein to the accompanying Hitherto, tion engines ignition has been efi'ected', after the state of continuation has entered, by a special ignition device, such as a flame, a hot tube or, an electric spark. In another type of such engines no special device is used for said purpose, this being for instance the case in Diesel motors, where ignition is effected by the heat of compression,- and in the ignition chamber motors. On account of the high compression necessary in the drawing.

Diesel motors thick shafts, bearings, crank rods and a great strength-of the material are wanted, which, apart from the other expensive arrangements, renders such motors necessarily very dear. Ihe ignition. chamber motors, on the contrary, offer-the ad- -vantage. that ignition can beefi'etzted at a low pressure, such motors being, however,

adectjed with the inconvenience that it is only at a certain loading that they ignite Well and that the motor works economically. At a lower loading the ignition chamber will becooled, whereby the combustion will be incomplete and the running of the motor irregular. At a higher loading, on the other hand, the ignition chamber will become too hot, so that advanced ignitions are caused, whereby the efficiency of the motor is di-' minished.

The present invention now refers to a combustion chamber provided with a mixmg, gasifying and ignition device (in the following specification called mixer) which, after having been heated on starting the motor, will not be cooled when the motor is running light, and which will not become too hot at the maximum loading of the motor, whereby, under all loading circumstances, an economical combustion 1S obtained during which the combustion chamber will beperfectly free from any deposits ot's'oot and coke. However, the said device admits of the panying drawing, Kingdom of Sweden, have invented certain in one type of internal combus movement is imparted to the same. whirling movement can also be effected in cheapest oils of very low volatility.

The invention is illustrated on the accomwhere-- Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section of theqcombustion chamber and the mixer, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross section of the same. Figs. 3 and 5 are vertical sections throughmodified forms of the mixer. and Figs. 4 and 6 respectively are horizontal cross sections of the same.

The combustion chamberd, which may have a cylindrical, spherical or other suitable shape, is surrounded by a water jacket 8 and separated from the cylinder 10 by means of 'a partition wall '7. The mixer passing through the combustion chamber 1,

i opens into the cylinder at the central part of said wall 7. During mixer an axial jet of combustible meets with a current of air passing in the opposite direction partly axially and partly along a spiral curve 9, so that a rotary or whirling other ways, as is further described below in connection with Figs. 3-6. In this-manner a thorough mixing is effected, and one part of the air-gas mixture is forced laterally through the openings 6 into the chamher 1. Immediately before the piston arrives at the upper dead center the gas mixture in the mixer 2 is ignited by the heat radiating from the walls of the same. and the ignition rapidly and uniformly propagates in all directions through the openings 6 to the mixture poor in combustible and contained'within the chamber 1, so that the combustion will be complete. In the above mentioned partition wall 7 holes or open ings 5 are provided, and through said holes or openings air is forced from the cylinder employment even of the during the compression stroke. lhe currents of air thus produced meet with and.

penetrate the currents of air-gas mixture coming from the openings 6, thereby effecting a very intimate mixing of air and gas.

After the ignition has taken place the products of combustion will pass through the openings 6, the mixer 2 and through the opening 4 into the cylinder 10. By means of the excess of air, the soot and dust which may have deposited in the mixer 2 at the high temperature in question, will burn so that said mixer becomes perfectly clean. At the same time the walls of the mixer will absorb the heat required for the subsequent gasifying and ignition and, thus, the same will also act as a regenerative ignition device. At the same time during the expansion, one part of. the gas will pass through the openings'5 directly into the cylinder instead of passing through the mixer. T hereby a suitable temperature can be imparted to the mixer depending on how great quantity of the gas is passing through the openrings 6 in relation to that of the openings 5.

The combustible is forced in at 3 by a pressure as by a pump or the like. The mixture of the combustible with the air forced into the mixer 2 through the opening l during the compression stroke of the-motor takes place during the last portion of the compression stroke. As the chamber 1 forms the whole combustion chamber all combustion air must pass through the mixer 2 and its holes 6 and through the holes 5 during the said stroke in order. to reach the combustion chamber 1. No combustion takes place in the cylinder 10 but only expansion.

'. Thev ignition is effected in. the mixer 2 and on account of the high pressure occurring there the gas mixture contained in the mixer and which has not already been forced out during the compression stroke through the holesG of the chamber 1, is thrown out into the said chamber containing poorer gas mixture, whereby an intensive and uniform mixing of poorer and richer mixture is ef-' fected which burns rapidly in the combustion chamber. During the compression stroke the current of air passing through the holes 5 is encountering the. current of gas passing through the holes 6,. whereby a 'poor but well mixed gas-air-mixture is formed in the combustion chamber 1 before the ignition moment. When the ignition is beginning inthe mixer 2 a further mixing oi gas with the mixture contained in the chamber 1 is eii ec'ted as has been described above, the ignition being propagated uniformly to all parts of the chamber 1.. At the start the mixer or chamber 2 is first heated some minutes and then it will remain hot enough for vaporizing and igniting the fuel by the heat supplied by the explosions. When the piston compresses the air in the cylinder 10 during the compression stroke there is in said cylinderga higher pressure than in the combustion chamber 1 and thereby the air. is forced to pass through the mixer 2 and its openings 6 and through the opening 5 out in the chamberji} ghje' relegtions of the quantity of air passing through the mixer 2 and the opening 6 and the openings 5 depend on the rela tiy e size of the openings'in question, the difi'erenceof the pressure in the-cylinder lOand the chamber 1 being not greater than to" correspond to the resistance of the current in the openings. Figs. 3 and 4 show a *modified .t'orm of the mixer. The latter here consists of a cylinder 11 in which there is provided a number of horizontal partition walls glb, each wall being provided with a central opening 12 and with openings 13 located on each side of said central opening. ln'ever other wall the openings 13 occupy the position indicated with full lines-in Fig. 4', and in the remaining walls said openings occupy the position indicated with dotted lines in said figure. j By this means gas and air will have to pass along a zigzag formed way, whereby they are intimately mixed together.

According to Figs. 5 and 6 the cylinder 11 is also provided with horizontal partition walls 17, said walls, however, do not extend all over the width of the cylinder, but only for a distance beyond the central l ne of the same. These'walls are also provided with holes 18 lying in the central line of thecylinder. Other modifications may 'also be made within the scope of the presentiinvcntion. a

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In internal combustion engines the combination with the mixing'-vaporizingand igniting devices and the combustion chamber separated from. the cylinder, of a tube-shaped mixer located centrally in the combustion chambemmeans for supplying air and combustible'into opposite ends of said mixer means within the passage of said mixer for intimately mixing air and combustible, and radially located openings in the walls of the mixer between the passage in the same and the surrounding combustion chamber, substantially as'and for the purpose set forth.

2. In internal combustion engines the combination with the mixing w porizing-- and igniting devices and the combustion chamber separated from the cylindcr, of a tube-shaped mixer. located. ccntrally'in the combustion chamber, means for supplying air and combustible into opposite ends oi said mixer, the passage in said mixer. being spiral-shaped for imparting rotary movement to thc'air and gas and thereby intimately mixing air and combustible, and

- as and forthepu'rpose set forth.

' engines the.

said mixer, the

radially located openings in the walls of the mixer, said openings leading from the bottomo'f the spiral in the mixer, substantially -3. In internal combustion combination with the mixing-vaporizing' and igniting devices and the combustion chamberseparated from the cylinder, of a tube-shaped mixer located centrally" in the combustion chamber, means for supplying air and combustible into opposite ends of passage in said mixer being spiral-shaped ,for imparting rotary movement to the air and gas and thereby intimately mixing air and combustible and radially located openings in the walls of the mixer, said openings leading from the Toottom of the spirai in the mixer, a partition wall between the cylinder and the combustion. chamber, and openings in said partition wall, said openings being of such size that the air partly passes through the said openings without striking the mixer, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

in Witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in scribing witnesses.

IVAR HJALMAR SVA'LIN. Witnesses:

Gama Peron, Gns'ran Tasha.

the presence or": two sub- 

